jabali-panel/docs/architecture/control-panel-blueprint.md

Modern Hosting Control Panel Blueprint

This blueprint describes a modern web hosting control panel (cPanel/DirectAdmin-style) as an architecture + feature map that can be turned into epics and tickets.

1) Core goals

• Multi-tenant isolation: customers cannot see or affect each other (files, PHP, mail, DB).
• Automation-first: every UI action is a reproducible, idempotent job.
• Safe-by-default security: least privilege, audit trail, secrets handling, sane defaults.
• Resumable operations: long tasks support retry/continue with logs.
• Scalable topology: start single-node, evolve to web/mail/dns/db/storage nodes.
• Observable system: health checks, metrics, logs, and per-action troubleshooting.

2) Reference architecture

Control plane (panel)

• UI + API, RBAC, tenant/package/quota management
• UI stack: Tailwind CSS + Filament components for panels, forms, tables, and widgets
• Job runner + queue workers
• Audit log + job logs/artifacts
• Central configuration + templates
• Secrets manager

Data plane (agents on nodes)

• Agent performs privileged ops locally: configs, reloads, users, backups, certbot, etc.
• Panel <-> agent over mTLS (preferred) or HMAC-signed requests.

3) Service stack (Nginx + Mail)

Web node

• Nginx + PHP-FPM (pool per tenant recommended)
• Optional: Redis, WAF (ModSecurity)
• Log rotation

Mail node

• Postfix (SMTP), Dovecot (IMAP/POP3/LMTP)
• Rspamd (+ Redis) for spam filtering
• DKIM signing (Rspamd or OpenDKIM), SPF/DMARC tooling
• Optional: Sieve filters, Roundcube webmail links

DNS node

• PowerDNS (API) or BIND9 (template-driven), optional DNSSEC

DB + backups

• MariaDB/MySQL (local or centralized)
• Backups to local + S3-compatible storage (recommended)

4) Tenancy & isolation model

• Linux user per tenant: /home//domains//public_html
• PHP-FPM pool per tenant with limits (memory, children, timeouts)
• Strict file permissions; avoid broad www-data write access
• Mail uses virtual mailboxes with quotas and strict ownership

5) Feature modules (cPanel/DirectAdmin equivalents)

• Accounts/Packages/Reseller: limits, suspend/unsuspend, usage reporting
• Web hosting: domains/subdomains/redirects, vhost templates, logs viewer
• PHP management: versions, ini overrides, FPM tuning
• SSL: Let's Encrypt, renewals, force HTTPS, HSTS
• DNS: zones + record editor; templates; DKIM/SPF/DMARC assistants
• Databases: DB/user/grants, import/export, remote access allowlist
• Mail: domains, mailboxes, aliases, forwarders, autoresponder, catch-all, spam controls, mail logs/trace
• Files & access: file manager, SFTP/SSH keys, jailed shell optional, cron
• Backups: schedules, targets, restore self-service
• Security: 2FA, IP allowlists, fail2ban hooks, WAF toggle, full audit log

6) Automation engine (jobs -> steps)

• Every action runs as a resumable state machine
• Store per-step: status, logs, retries, artifacts (generated configs, dumps)
• Idempotent steps + safe rollback where possible

7) Recommended MVP order (Nginx + Mail)

1. Tenants + domains + Nginx vhosts + SSL
2. PHP-FPM pools + limits + logs viewer
3. DNS + DKIM/SPF/DMARC helpers
4. Mail (Postfix/Dovecot) + mailboxes/aliases/forwards + basic logs
5. Rspamd + panel controls
6. Backups (files+DB+mail) + restore
7. Packages/resellers/quotas + suspension logic
8. Hardening + monitoring dashboards

8) Epics -> ticket slices (example)

Job engine

• Job table + step table + artifact store
• State machine + retries
• Agent RPC + ack + log streaming

Tenants

• Tenant create/suspend workflow
• User isolation + home dir layout
• Package limits + enforcement

Domains

• Vhost template + apply
• DNS zone creation + records
• SSL issuance + renewal job

Mail

• Domain enable + DKIM/SPF/DMARC
• Mailbox CRUD + quota
• Forwarders + autoresponder
• Mail logs viewer

Backups

• Local + S3 target
• Schedule + retention
• Restore job with step logs